![]() Modernization theory receives support, but Islamic identity and beliefs do not consistently predict attitudes in the expected direction. ![]() Beliefs that democracy will have negative consequences and perceptions of poor government performance are the most important predictors of democracy's unsuitability. Twenty-seven percent support democracy generally but see it as unsuitable for their country. Sixty percent hold favourable views of democracy generally and for their country, while 7% reject democracy. ![]() I test this consequence-based theory using Arab Barometer data from six nations. I argue that attitudes toward democracy are shaped by beliefs about its political, economic, and religious consequences, including those related to sectarianism. Government performance theories argue that citizens who perceive the current authoritarian government as acting in a transparent manner will demand greater democracy. Cultural theories see Islam and democracy as incompatible. Why do some Arab citizens regard democracy favourably but see it as unsuitable for their country? Modernization theory contends that economic development creates modern citizens who demand democracy.
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